* 1777 - San Jose, California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California.
* 1781 - The crew of the slave ship Zong murders 133 Africans by dumping them into the sea in order to claim insurance.
* 1830 - November Uprising: An armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland begins.
* 1845 - The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour.
* 1847 - Whitman Massacre: Missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, causing the Cayuse War.
* 1850 - The treaty, Punctation of Olmütz, signed in Olomouc means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to Austrian Empire, which took over the leadership of German Confederation.
* 1864 - Indian Wars: Sand Creek Massacre
* 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Spring Hill
* 1872 - Indian Wars: The Modoc War begins with the Battle of Lost River.
* 1877 - Thomas Edison demonstrates his phonograph for the first time.
* 1890 - The Meiji Constitution goes into effect in Japan and the first Diet convenes.
* 1890 - At West Point, New York, the United States Naval Academy defeats the United States Military Academy 24-0 in the first Army-Navy football game.
* 1893 - Ziqiang Institute, today known as Wuhan University, is founded by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing Dynasty of China after his memorial to the throne is approved by the Qing Government.
* 1910 - The first US patent for inventing the traffic lights system is issued to Ernest Sirrine.
* 1915 - Fire destroys most of the buildings on Santa Catalina Island, California.
* 1922 - Howard Carter opens the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun to the public.
* 1929 - U.S. Admiral Richard Byrd becomes the first person to fly over the South Pole.
* 1934 - The Chicago Bears defeat the Detroit Lions 19-16 in the first nationally broadcast game.
* 1943 - The second session of AVNOJ, the Anti-fascist council of national liberation of Yugoslavia, is held in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina, determining the post-war ordering of the country.
* 1944 - The first surgery (on a human) to correct blue baby syndrome is performed by Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas.
* 1945 - The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is declared.
* 1947 - The United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine (The Partition Plan).
* 1950 - Korean War: North Korean and Chinese troops force United Nations forces to retreat from North Korea.
* 1952 - Korean War: U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a campaign promise by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.
* 1961 - Project Mercury: Mercury-Atlas 5 Mission
* 1963 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
* 1963 - Trans-Canada Airlines Flight 831: A Douglas DC-8 carrying 118, crashes after taking-off from Dorval Airport near Montreal.
* 1965 - Canadian Space Agency launches the satellite Alouette 2.
* 1967 - Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation.
* 1972 - Nolan Bushnell (co-founder of Atari) releases Pong (the first commercially successful video game) in Andy Capp’s Tavern in Sunnyvale, California.
* 1983 - Soviet war in Afghanistan: The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that Soviet Union forces should withdraw from Afghanistan.
* 1987 - A Korean Air Boeing 707 explodes over the Thai-Burmese border, killing 155.
* 1990 - Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing "use all necessary means to uphold and implement" United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 "to restore international peace and security" if Iraq did not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by January 15, 1991.
* 2005 - The new Croatian Communist Party (KPH) is founded in Vukovar.
* 2007 - The Armed Forces of the Philippines lay siege to The Peninsula Manila after soldiers led by Senator Antonio Trillanes stage a mutiny.
* 2007 - A 7.4 magnitude earthquake occurs off the northern coast of Martinique. This affected the Eastern Caribbean as far north as Puerto Rico and as south as Trinidad.
* 2008 - Riots in Jos, Nigeria kill 381, and injure at least 300.
Birthdays
* 1338 - Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
* 1427 - Zhengtong, Emperor of China (d. 1464)
* 1484 - Joachim Vadian, Swiss humanist (d. 1551)
* 1627 - John Ray, English naturalist (d. 1705)
* 1690 - Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia (d. 1747)
* 1752 - Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (d. 1819)
* 1762 - Pierre André Latreille, French zoologist (d. 1833)
* 1781 - Andrés Bello, Venezuelan poet and philosopher (d. 1865)
* 1797 - Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d. 1848)
* 1798 - Alexander Brullov, Russian painter (d. 1877)
* 1799 - Amos Bronson Alcott, American writer and educator (d. 1888)
* 1802 - Wilhelm Hauff, German poet and novelist (d. 1827)
* 1803 - Christian Doppler, Austrian physicist (d. 1853)
* 1803 - Gottfried Semper, German architect (d. 1879)
* 1813 - Franz von Miklosich, Slovenian linguist (d. 1891)
* 1816 - Morrison Waite, American jurist (d. 1888)
* 1825 - Jean-Martin Charcot, French neurologist (d. 1893)
* 1831 - Louisa May Alcott, American novelist (d. 1888)
* 1835 - Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinese ruler (d. 1908)
* 1849 - Sir John Ambrose Fleming, British physicist (d. 1945)
* 1856 - Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, German statesman (d. 1921)
* 1857 - Theodor Escherich, German pediatrician (d. 1911)
* 1874 - Francis Dodd, British artist (d. 1949)
* 1874 - Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician
* 1876 - Nellie Tayloe Ross, American politician (d. 1977)
* 1879 - Jacob Gade, Danish composer(d. 1963)
* 1881 - Julius Raab, Austrian politician (d. 1964)
* 1888 - Joe Slater, Australian Rules footballer (d. 1917)
* 1894 - Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (d. 1970)
* 1895 - Busby Berkeley, American film director and choreographer (d. 1976)
* 1895 - William Tubman, Liberian politician (d. 1971)
* 1896 - Yakima Canutt, American actor and stuntman (d. 1986)
* 1898 - C. S. Lewis, Irish writer (d. 1963)
* 1899 - Andrija Artuković, Croatian war criminal (d. 1988)
* 1901 - Mildred Harris, American actress (d. 1944)
* 1904 - Egon Eiermann, German architect (d. 1970)
* 1905 - Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman catholic bishop (d. 1991)
* 1908 - Adam Clayton Powell Jr., American civil rights leader and politician (d. 1972)
* 1908 - N. S. Krishnan, Tamil film comedian (d. 1957)
* 1910 - Antanas Škėma, Lithuanian writer
* 1915 - Billy Strayhorn, American musician and composer (d. 1967)
* 1916 - Fran Ryan, American actress (d. 2000)
* 1917 - Merle Travis, American singer (d. 1983)
* 1918 - Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
* 1920 - Yegor Ligachev, Soviet politician
* 1921 - Dagmar, American television personality (d. 2001)
* 1929 - Jackie Stallone, mother of Sylvester Stallone
* 1922 - Minnie Miñoso, Cuban baseball player
* 1927 - Vin Scully, American baseball announcer
* 1928 - Tahir Salahov, Azerbaijani painter
* 1928 - Paul Simon, American politician (d. 2003)
* 1930 - Shirley Porter, English politician
* 1931 - Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
* 1931 - André Noyelle, Belgian cyclist (d. 2003)
* 1932 - Jacques Chirac, French politician
* 1932 - Diane Ladd, American actress
* 1933 - John Mayall, British blues musician
* 1933 - James Rosenquist, American artist
* 1939 - Peter Bergman, American comedian
* 1939 - Domenico Monardo, American record producer
* 1940 - Denny Doherty, Canadian singer (The Mamas and the Papas) (d. 2007)
* 1940 - Chuck Mangione, American musician
* 1941 - Bill Freehan, American baseball player
* 1942 - Felix Cavaliere, American musician
* 1942 - Philippe Huttenlocher, Swiss opera singer
* 1942 - Maggie Thompson, American magazine editor
* 1943 - Sue Miller, American author
* 1946 - Brian Cadd, Australian singer-songwriter
* 1946 - Silvio Rodríguez, Cuban poet
* 1947 - Petra Kelly, German politician (d. 1992)
* 1947 - Ronnie Montrose, American guitarist
* 1949 - Stan Rogers, Canadian folk musician and songwriter (d. 1983)
* 1949 - Wayne Cowan, American wrestler
* 1949 - Jerry Lawler, American wrestler
* 1949 - Garry Shandling, American comedian
* 1951 - Barry Goudreau, American musician (Boston)
* 1951 - Roger Troutman, American musician (d. 1999)
* 1953 - Alex Grey, American artist
* 1953 - Christine Pascal, French actress
* 1954 - Joel Coen, American film director
* 1954 - Steve Rogers, Australian rugby league footballer (d. 2006)
* 1955 - Howie Mandel, Canadian comedian
* 1956 - Hinton Battle, American dancer
* 1956 - Leo Laporte, American television personality
* 1956 - Eric Laakso, American football player
* 1957 - Matthew Rubel, CEO of Collective Brands Licensing
* 1958 - Michael Dempsey, English musician (The Cure)
* 1958 - Mario Petrucci, Anglo-Italian Poet and Ecologist
* 1959 - Neal Broten, American ice hockey player
* 1959 - Kim Delaney, American actress
* 1959 - Rich Camarillo, American football player
* 1960 - Howard Johnson, American baseball player
* 1960 - Cathy Moriarty, American actress
* 1961 - Masayoshi Yamashita, Japanese musician
* 1962 - Andy LaRocque Swedish musician, (King Diamond)
* 1963 - Andrew McCarthy, American actor
* 1964 - Don Cheadle, American actor
* 1964 - Cork Graham, American journalist
* 1965 - Ellen Cleghorne, American comedian
* 1965 - Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese musician (d. 1992)
* 1967 - John Layfield, American professional wrestler
* 1968 - Jonathan Knight, American singer (New Kids on the Block)
* 1969 - Pierre van Hooijdonk, Dutch footballer
* 1969 - Kasey Keller, American soccer player
* 1969 - Mariano Rivera, Panamanian baseball player
* 1970 - Mark Pembridge, Welsh footballer
* 1971 - Gena Lee Nolin, American actress
* 1971 - Gregory Byrne, American college administrator
* 1972 - Brian Baumgartner, American actor
* 1972 - Larry Joe Campbell, American actor
* 1972 - Jamal Mashburn, American basketball player
* 1972 - Minoru Tanaka, Japanese pro-wrestler
* 1973 - Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer
* 1973 - Sarah Jones, American playwright
* 1974 - Lin Chi-ling, Taiwanese model
* 1974 - Pavol Demitra, Slovak ice hockey player
* 1975 - Younis Khan, Pakistani cricketer
* 1976 - Anna Faris, American actress
* 1976 - Michalis Kakiouzis, Greek basketball player
* 1976 - Ehren McGhehey, American actor
* 1977 - Maria Petrova, Russian figure skater
* 1978 - Ludwika Paleta, Polish-born actress
* 1978 - Alessandro Fei, Italian volleyball player
* 1978 - Lauren German, American actress
* 1978 - Dimitrious Konstantopolous, Greek footballer
* 1979 - Simon Amstell, English comedian and television presenter
* 1979 - Francis Beltrán, Dominican baseball player
* 1979 - Jayceon "The Game" Taylor, American rapper
* 1979 - Chamillionaire, American rapper
* 1981 - Nicholas Teo, Malaysian singer and actor
* 1982 - Ashley Force, American race car driver
* 1982 - Krystal Steal, American pornographic actress
* 1982 - Lucas Black, American actor
* 1983 - Tanner Glass, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1984 - Sitti Navarro, Philippine bossa nova artist
* 1985 - Shannon Brown, American basketball player
* 1985 - Taguchi Junnosuke, Japanese idol (KAT-TUN)
* 1987 - Stephen O'Halloran, Irish footballer
* 1990 - Blake and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit, American actors
Ever Wonder Why?
2201 Fascinating Facts: 2 Vols. in One
Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things
Every Minute On Earth
Random Kinds Of Factness: 1001 (or So) Absolutely True Tidbits About (mostly) Everything
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